Adsorption of Methylene Blue on PVDF Membrane and PVDF/TiO₂ Hybrid Membrane: Batch and Cross-Flow Filtration Studies.

When pH < 7, the high concentration of H + in solution competed with MB + for adsorption sites on the membrane surface, and the TiO 2 underwent protonating, leading to a decreasing trend and difference in adsorption capacities; (2) when pH > 7, fewer MB molecules exist as the cation form of C 16 H 18 N 3 SCl + , which could be favorable to be absorb to the membrane.

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