a nonsignificant trendP = 0.08
A comparable pattern emerged in Study 2: female participants demonstrated no own-gender bias (t(30) = 0.47, P = 0.64, Cohen’s d = 0.08), and male participants showed a nonsignificant trend toward an own-gender bias (t(29) = 1.82, P = 0.08, Cohen’s d = 0.33).