Demography and dynamics of giant kelp cohorts across four decades: Lessons for conservation and resilience planning.

The independent variables identified by random forest analysis and that were significant or close to significance in the Factor 2 GAM included the 80th percentile of bottom temperature at PLC15 ( p < 0.001), the 80th percentile of significant wave energy ( p < 0.001), and the density of red ( p < 0.07) and purple ( p < 0.02) sea urchins (Figure 12 ).

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