highly significantp < 0.001
Moreover, the spatial error coefficient of SEM was highly significant ( λ = 0.4004, p < 0.001), and its goodness of fit (R 2 = 0.6653) exceeded that of the OLS baseline model.
Moreover, the spatial error coefficient of SEM was highly significant ( λ = 0.4004, p < 0.001), and its goodness of fit (R 2 = 0.6653) exceeded that of the OLS baseline model.
It is worth noting that the variable OC, which showed marginal significance in the parametric test ( p = 0.026), was not statistically significant under the permutation test framework (Permutation p -value = 0.1).