Barely Significant
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Revolutionizing Educational Assessment: The Role of Bing Chat GPT-4 Chatbot in Increasing Efficiency in Grading Open-Ended Questions.

Cureus · 2025 · PMC12857850 · PMID 41625820

1
hedged sentence
0.0545
closest p · 1.1× alpha
0.0545
boldest claim

The sentences

marginally non-significantp = 0.0545so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)
Notably, question 1, previously showing a statistically significant difference in percent agreement coefficients between Bing Chat and faculty on scores assigned to 21 students per question, now yielded a marginally non-significant result (p = 0.0545) when using Gwet's AC1.

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