Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cardiovascular Outcomes by Race and Ethnicity: MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis).

When stratified by the presence of the metabolic syndrome, Chinese participants with the metabolic syndrome had a significant association between HRT and increased MACE compared to Chinese women without the metabolic syndrome (see Figure 2A ); HR: 3.45, 95% CI: 1.19-9.94, P = 0.022 vs HR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.28-3.90, P = 0.953, respectively), with a borderline significant association with all-cause mortality (HR: 2.28, (n 0.99-5.24, P = 0.053 vs HR: 0.71, (n 0.24-2.07, P = 0.533), while those without the metabolic syndrome did not have increased risk of MACE or mortality.

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There was a numerical trend towards greater reduction in cardiac risk with early initiation of HRT within 5 years of menopause in the below-median age of menopause group compared to above-median age of menopause, but the interaction terms were nonsignificant ( Supplemental Table 3 ).

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