Analysis of nozzle for the external casing perforation tool and experimental study on AWJ.

Sci Rep · 2026 · PMC12868734 · PMID 41513930

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

12 : (1) The erosion area exhibits an increasing trend with greater standoff distance; (2) An optimal standoff distance exists that maximizes the perforation diameter, with this optimal value varying under different experimental parameters.

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