Development of a chitosan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/nano-fluorapatite hydrogel as a novel biomaterial for enhanced post-tooth extraction bone healing in diabetic conditions.

RSC Adv · 2026 · PMC12869364 · PMID 41647415

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highly significantp < 0.001actually significant

After two weeks, the CS–Nano-FA–HPMC group recorded much higher ALP levels (198.6 ± 5.13 U L −1 ) compared to the control (101.4 ± 5.59 U L −1 ) with a highly significant difference ( F = 151.688, p < 0.001).

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