According to the Global Cancer Statistics 2022, bladder cancer ranks ninth in new cases, accounting for 3.1% of all new cancer diagnoses, 1 showing an increasing trend compared to 3% in 2020. 2 Cystoscopy is a critical diagnostic and therapeutic tool for bladder cancer, widely used in early diagnosis, preoperative assessment, biopsy, electroresection, and postoperative follow-up. 3 To improve the accuracy of evaluations, various image enhancement technologies have been applied in recent years. 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 Narrow band imaging (NBI) is an optical image enhancement technology that filters light into two frequencies, 415 nm and 540 nm.
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Artificial intelligence diagnostics for bladder tumor identification and grade prediction depend on narrow band imaging cystoscopy.
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