highly significantp < 0.001
Statistical significance thresholds were defined as * p < 0.05 (significant), ** p < 0.01 (highly significant), and *** p < 0.001 (extremely significant). 3 Results 3.1 Characterization of Bamboo Leaf-Derived Carbon Dots and MTX/CD Complex The structural and functional properties of CDs and their MTX complexes were systematically characterized.