miR-155 aberrant expression impairs tumor rejection because of its targeting of ICOSL and multiple pathways implicated in the antitumor response.

19 These results were subsequently confirmed and extended by a study showing that high and intermediate levels of miR-155 expression in acute myeloid leukemia cell lines were functionally distinct, with highly significant differences in targets and downstream genes regulation. 62 More specifically, high miR-155 levels correlated with increased expression of genes implicated in inflammatory pathways and decreased expression of genes playing a role in cell proliferation, whereas intermediate levels of miR-155 were targeting genes involved in myeloid cell differentiation. 62 This particular feature of miR-155 activity most probably explains why it has been described as both a protumor and an antitumor microRNA, in relation with its different levels of expression in particular tumors.

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