The results identified that AMPK phosphorylation was preferentially induced by H 2 O 2 and hypoxia, but was unaltered by IL-6 and showed a decreasing trend with TGF-β stimulation ( Fig. 2 F and G).
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Macrophage AMPK activated by oxidative stress drives profibrotic crosstalk with tubular cells to accelerate renal fibrosis after ischemic and reperfusion injury.
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