Thirty-year changes in burden for refraction disorders in China, Japan, Korea and Singapore: a jointly prevention perspective analysis.

BMC Public Health · 2025 · PMC12888727 · PMID 41387823

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

Japan showed a slight increase in its ASYLD trend, with an AAPC of 0.06% (95% UI: 0.05 to 0.07), whereas Taiwan demonstrated a decreasing trend with an AAPC of −0.34% (95% UI: −0.36 to −0.32) (Fig. 4 ).

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a positive trendno p-value reported

Our analysis from 1990 to 2021 reveals a positive trend of decreasing prevalence and YLDs, especially in lower SDI regions, yet highlights a persistent and growing challenge in aging populations and high SDI regions.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.