Tears and saliva as alternative matrices for minimally invasive assessment of acute stress and pain in sheep.

Results were considered statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05, and a statistical trend was declared at 0.05 < p ≤ 0.10. 2.3.2 Stress response during the treatment phase Polynomial regression was used to analyze the effect of the targeted pain management protocol by describing the dependence of the cortisol concentration on time (min).

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