Diets, dominance hierarchies, and kleptoparasitism drive asymmetrical interactions between wolves and cougars.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · 2026 · PMC12890783 · PMID 41587329

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0.0700

closest p · 1.4× alpha

0.0920

boldest claim

The sentences

marginal significanceP = 0.07so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

The odds of this probable kleptoparasitism occurring at a cougar-killed elk site were 6.8 times greater than a cougar-killed deer site, again with marginal significance ( P = 0.07; SI Appendix , Table S6 and A ).

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marginally statistically significantP = 0.092so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Our binomial GLM estimated that the odds of wolves finding a cougar-killed elk were 2.0 times greater than a cougar-killed deer, although this relationship was only marginally statistically significant ( P = 0.092; Fig. 5 E and SI Appendix , Table S6 and A ).

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