Testing the testing effect on prolific: when retrieval practice fails to boost learning.

Front Psychol · 2026 · PMC12894256 · PMID 41694023

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

—

closest p

—

boldest claim

The sentences

failed to reach significanceno p-value reported

In Experiment 2, which implemented stricter inclusion criteria and procedural refinements (e.g., shorter phases, enforced viewing time), we observed numerically higher scores in the testing condition, but this difference failed to reach significance.

also in 4,113 other papers

Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.