Barely Significant
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Effects of Marathon Running on Skin and Plasma Carotenoids in Endurance Runners.

Nutrients · 2026 · PMC12899393 · PMID 41683258

Europe PMCDOI
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hedged sentence
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closest p · 0.0× alpha
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boldest claim

The sentences

highly significantp < 0.001actually significant
Pairwise comparisons using the LSD adjustment showed that the decrease from pre-race to post-race was highly significant (mean difference = 90.833, SE = 12.302, p < 0.001), representing a very large within-subject effect (Cohen’s dz = 1.51).

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