Synthesis of Lignin-Derived Hierarchical Porous Carbon via Hydrothermal-Phosphoric Acid Synergistic Activation for Enhanced Adsorption of Tetracycline.

In-depth analysis of the Langmuir parameters revealed the key influence of temperature: the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity ( q m ) increased from 205.433 mg/g at 298 K to 214.653 mg/g at 308 K and reached 229.765 mg/g at 318 K; meanwhile, the constant K L , which reflects the adsorption affinity, also showed an increasing trend, i.e., K L , 298 K (0.346 L/mg) < K L , 308 K (0.453 L/mg) < K L , 318 K (0.744 L/mg), indicating that the increase in temperature not only enhanced the limit adsorption capacity of the material but also strengthened the binding ability of the adsorption sites to TC molecules.

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