Human papillomavirus (HPV) - driven head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in a multi-ethnic developing country.

In our study, 36.2% of OPSCC were positive for p16 INK4a whilst 27.7% of OPSCC were positive for both p16 INK4a and HPVDNA, in contrast with a previously published study on Malaysian OPSCC cases identified over a 12-year period from 2004 to 2015 that showed that 25% of cases were p16 INK4a positive and 16.7% ( n = 10) of cases were positive for both p16 INK4a and HPV DNA (using in situ hybridization), highlighting an increasing trend of OPSCC cases attributable to HPV [ 5 ].

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