Disrupted gut microbiome networks and unhealthy behaviors predict metabolic dysfunction in children and adolescents in the long term.

To control for potential batch effects, the sequencing run was included as a confounding factor in PERMANOVA models (adonis2, vegan package in R) on weighted and unweighted UniFrac distance matrices; the group effect (M1-M3) remined highly significant (P<0.0001), indicating a negligible batch effect.

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