Microbial Mediators of Pine Defense Resistance: Stage-Specific Gut Symbionts Enable Acantholyda posticalis to Overcome Terpenoid Barriers.

At the genus level, six bacterial taxa— Wolbachia , Klebsiella , Raoultella , Bacillus , Acinetobacter , and Serratia —showed highly significant stage-specific enrichment patterns ( p < 0.001), suggesting their potential as developmental stage–specific keystone taxa (Fig.

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