Social information creates self-fulfilling prophecies in judgments of pain, vicarious pain, and cognitive effort.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · 2026 · PMC12912994 · PMID 41662518

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a positive trendno p-value reported

Further, the effect of the current trial’s perceptual rating on the next trial’s expectation rating with the opposite cue type showed a positive trend.

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