An acute intervention experimental study on the effects of green and blue environment exposure combined with tai chi exercise on the emotional health of elderly males.

For intra-group comparisons across time points, relative to baseline (Test 1), (1) at 20 min post-landscape viewing (Test 2), the BTJQ group showed significantly lower SDNN (ɳ2p = 0.162, p = 0.045) and rMSSD (ɳ2p = 0.137, p = 0.046); (2) immediately after Tai Chi exercise (Test 3), the GTJQ group exhibited significant decreases in SDNN (ɳ2p = 0.112, p = 0.048) and rMSSD (ɳ2p = 0.154, p = 0.047), while the BTJQ and GBTJQ groups showed highly significant decreases in SDNN (ɳ2p = 0.284, p = 0.005; ɳ2p = 0.202, p = 0.007) and rMSSD (ɳ2p = 0.365, p = 0.001; ɳ2p = 0.275, p = 0.006); and (3) during full recovery (Test 4), the BTJQ group still showed significantly lower SDNN (ɳ2p = 0.137, p = 0.042) than baseline.

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Objective emotional metrics of participants across groups As shown in Supplementary Table 1 , SDNN and rMSSD values in the TJQ, GTJQ, BTJQ, and GBTJQ groups showed a decreasing trend during the acute experimental phase and an increasing trend during the recovery phase.

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