The global burden of aortic aneurysm attributable to smoking from 1990 to 2021: Current trends and projections for 2036.

Tob Induc Dis · 2026 · PMC12914652 · PMID 41716890

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

Between 1990 and 2021, there were significant differences in the annual rate of change (EAPC) of ASMR between GBD regions: ASMR and ASDR showed an increasing trend in Central Asia, East Asia, South Asia, Eastern Europe, and high-income Asia-Pacific regions, and a steady or decreasing trend in the rest of the regions.

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

The ASMR showed a decreasing trend from 1990 to 2021 (EAPC= -2.17; 95% CI: -2.30 – -2.04).

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.