Oral delivery of engineered <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> microcapsules expressing antioxidant enzymes for inflammatory bowel disease: Mechanisms of intestinal barrier repair and microbiota modulation.

The DSS group exhibited a highly significant elevation (p < 0.001) in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels: IL-6 (73.84 ± 4.20 pg/mL) ( Fig. 5 B), IL-1β (97.07 ± 5.34 pg/mL) ( Fig. 5 C), TNF-α (684.55 ± 35.40 pg/mL) ( Fig. 5 D), and TGF-β (258.76 ± 9.33 pg/mL) ( Fig. 5 E).

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