Visceral leishmaniasis risk clusters on Brazil's borders: 2013 to 2022.

Rev Soc Bras Med Trop · 2026 · PMC12919825 · PMID 41711829

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

Although the overall temporal trend in the border area remained stationary, regional variations were observed, with decreasing trends in the North and South Arcs, and an increasing trend in the Central Arc.

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

Central Arc showed a decreasing trend from 2013-2020 (APC: -11.65%, 95% CI: -27.28-5.91) and an increasing from 2020-2022 (APC: 55.76%, 95% CI: 6.70-101.96), with RR rising 21.059 (2016-2019) to 34.310 (2020-2022).

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.