The Impact of 3D Interactive Prompts on College Students' Learning Outcomes in Desktop Virtual Learning Environments: A Study Based on Eye-Tracking Experiments.

J Eye Mov Res · 2026 · PMC12922015 · PMID 41718379

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A highly significant main effect of interactive prompt type was identified for both retention scores, F(1,228) = 163.715, p < 0.001, η 2 = 0.395, MSE = 40.48, and transfer scores, F(1,228) = 944.070, p < 0.001, η 2 = 0.679, MSE = 8.12, indicating that the 3D interactive condition yielded substantially higher learning outcomes than the conventional interactive condition.

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