Experimental study on the influence of synchronous grouting in shield tunneling on an upper existing tunnel in sandy soil stratum.

Sci Rep · 2026 · PMC12923559 · PMID 41639240

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

The main conclusions are as follows: When the grout volume exceeds the filling requirement, the earth pressure in the stratum surrounding the tunnel above the grouting path shows an increasing trend.

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