Disentangling the developmental cascades between adolescent maltreatment and internalizing and externalizing problems: From between-person differences to within-person changes.

Conversely, maltreatment's effect on internalizing problems reached only marginal significance ( b = 0.424, p = .063), with associations primarily reflected in correlated random intercepts ( b = 0.783, p = .025), suggesting stable trait differences rather than causal processes.

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