Superhydrophilic Hierarchical Anatase Coating on Sandblasted, Acid-Etched Titanium: In Vitro Apatite Formation and Osteoblast Responses and the Role of Polar Surface Free Energy.

J Funct Biomater · 2026 · PMC12941407 · PMID 41745542

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

Finally, DCN expression showed a decreasing trend in Ti-machined and Ti-SLA compared with the coverslip, but returned to control-comparable levels in the SLA-anatase group. 3.3.8.

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