highly significantp < 0.0001
Regarding heterogeneity, the Q-statistic was highly significant, where Q(df = 7) = 1892.2864 ( p < 0.0001), indicating substantial methodological variance across the included studies.
Regarding heterogeneity, the Q-statistic was highly significant, where Q(df = 7) = 1892.2864 ( p < 0.0001), indicating substantial methodological variance across the included studies.