highly significantp = 0.0004
Cu 2+ produced the most pronounced response at both pH values, with a highly significant overall effect at pH 8.0 ( F (2,6) = 39.41, p = 0.0004, η 2 = 0.93) and all pairwise comparisons remaining significant after correction ( p adj ≤0.010), consistent with robust quenching and EDTA-driven hyper-recovery.