Pre-post change in compassion toward laboratory animals after an introductory lecture in first-year veterinary students.

J Vet Med Sci · 2026 · PMC12950297 · PMID 41139504

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hedged sentence

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closest p · 1.0× alpha

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boldest claim

The sentences

a trend toward significanceP =0.050actually significant

For example, their score for Q3 rose from 3.46 ± 0.72 to 4.00 ± 0.95, which was only a trend toward significance ( P =0.050, r =0.29).

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