Significance of Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A Combined with Four-Dimensional Umbilical Artery Doppler in Fetal Growth Restriction: A Case-Control Study.

Int J Womens Health · 2026 · PMC12951738 · PMID 41777622

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

Previous research has confirmed that these parameters exhibit a decreasing trend with advancing gestational age in normal pregnancies. 16 In the present study, the PI, RI, and S/D values were significantly higher in the FGR group compared to the controls, confirming the predictive value of four-dimensional ultrasound parameters for FGR.

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