Mechanisms underlying the role of TNF-α and IL-1β preconditioned exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in wound healing.

Front Immunol · 2026 · PMC12953127 · PMID 41782856

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

Furthermore, we detected the expression of TGF-β, a ligand of the HUVECs envelope and an upstream signaling molecule of p-Smad3 , which showed an increasing trend compared to the control group Under the influence of miR-215-5p mimics ( Figure 9F ).

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