Indirect associations between adolescent ADHD and/or oppositional defiant disorder symptoms and adult incomes: the mediating roles of education and co-occurring psychiatric disorders.

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry · 2026 · PMC12956917 · PMID 40892097

Europe PMC DOI

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0.0510

closest p · 1.0× alpha

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a statistical trendp = 0.051so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

ADHD and/or ODD symptoms were not associated with social capital variables such as marital status, parenthood, or trust when compared to controls in the present instance, although there was a statistical trend ( p = 0.051) in the one-way ANOVA, suggesting that trust was more prevalent among the controls than in the symptomatic groups.

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