highly significantp < 0.001
The other eight factors demonstrated highly significant associations with LST ( p < 0.001), with the explanatory power ranked as follows: NDVI (0.500) > Land Cover (0.463) > Building Height (0.326) > Building Density (0.277) > Population Density (0.262) > Road Density (0.140) > Slope (0.116) > Elevation (0.110).