Global burden and trends of rheumatoid arthritis attributable to smoking from 1990 to 2021 with forecasts to 2050.

Trop Med Health · 2026 · PMC12961867 · PMID 41691352

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

an increasing trendno p-value reported

If the 95% CI of the EAPC is entirely above 0, the ASR is considered to show an increasing trend; if entirely below 0, a decreasing trend; and if it includes 0, the trend is considered stable [ 8 , 16 ].

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