Antigen-specific Th1 cytokine markers and protection against tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis stratified by progression to active disease and sustained IGRA conversion.

Front Cell Infect Microbiol · 2026 · PMC12963246 · PMID 41798754

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a slight trendno p-value reported

Secondary analysis: Th1 cytokines and sustained IGRA conversion (binary outcomes) When assessing binary outcomes for sustained IGRA conversion, Th1 cytokine markers collectively showed a slight trend toward positive association, though confidence intervals for most pooled estimates crossed the null.

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