Impact of goal-directed fluid therapy on serum cytokines (IL-2, IFN-g, TNF-a, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10) in elderly patients undergoing thoracotomy.

J Med Biochem · 2025 · PMC12966958 · PMID 41799171

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.0500

closest p · 1.0× alpha

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boldest claim

The sentences

highly significantp<0.05actually significant

The statistical significance of these differences is reflected in the t-values and p-values, with all p-values being highly significant (p<0.05) except for the hospital stay duration, which is marginally substantial (p = 0.0220).

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