Augmented reality in non-instrumentation minimally invasive spine surgery: a narrative review and future perspectives.

J Spine Surg · 2026 · PMC12968883 · PMID 41810392

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

In current clinical practice, there is an increasing trend toward hybrid navigation strategies, such as combinations of AR with robotic systems or AR integrated with CT- or fluoroscopy-based navigation ( 49 - 51 ).

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