Engineering multifunctional microspheres for sequential regulation of osteoimmune microenvironment and bone remodeling balance to promote regeneration of osteoporotic bone defects.

Statistical significance was defined as ∗ P < 0.05, while ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗ P < 0.0001 were considered highly significant. 3 Results and discussion 3.1 Preparation and characterization of composite microspheres Gel@ALN microspheres were prepared using an emulsification-crosslinking method, and EGCG was subsequently loaded into these microspheres via swelling-adsorption to afford the Gel@ALN@E microspheres ( Fig. 1 A).

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