A two-tier strategy for developing water deficit stress tolerant maize: hydroponics-based root phenotyping followed by rainfed field validation.

Front Plant Sci · 2025 · PMC12971523 · PMID 41815976

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highly significantp< 0.001actually significant

Analysis of variance for root and yield traits The ANOVA for root traits under the hydroponics platform ( Table 2 ) revealed highly significant differences among genotypes (p< 0.001), traits (p< 0.001), and genotype × trait interaction (p< 0.001), indicating substantial genetic variability and trait-specific effects.

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