Age-sex differences in the global burden of asthma and risk factors, 1990-2021: results from the global burden of disease study 2021.

BMC Pulm Med · 2026 · PMC12977673 · PMID 41654876

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

An increasing trend in age-standardized rates is indicated when both the Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC) value and the lower bound of the 95% Confidence Interval (CI) are greater than zero; conversely, a decreasing trend is indicated when both the EAPC value and the upper bound of the 95% CI are less than zero.

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized asthma burden demonstrated a decreasing trend, with a more pronounced decline in males.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.