highly significantp < 1 × 10 −7
ANCOVA with post-intervention VASs as the dependent variable and baseline VASa as covariate showed that the group effect remained highly significant after adjustment (F = 40.36, p < 1 × 10 −7 , η 2 = 0.25), confirming that the intervention effect is not explained by baseline differences the same applied for VASs (F(1,46) = 22.45, p = 2.1 × 10 −5 , η 2 = 0.12).