Sustainable Extraction of <i>Hedera helix</i> Bioactive Compounds via Synergy of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent and Ultrasound: Process Optimization, Mechanistic Insights and Anti-Colon Cancer Activity.

However, the extraction yields exhibited a decreasing trend with power beyond 400 W, which could be attributed to three interrelated factors: excessive bubble formation created a shielding effect that reduced the energy transfer efficiency, localized overheating at bubble collapse sites promoted thermal degradation of sensitive compounds, and elevated free radical generation from intensified bubble collapse that induced oxidative damage to target phytochemicals.

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