Ischemic preconditioning enhances autonomic nervous system modulation during frequency speed of kick test in taekwondo athletes: a randomized crossover study.

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil · 2026 · PMC12998033 · PMID 41680854

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0850

closest p · 1.7× alpha

0.0850

boldest claim

The sentences

marginally significantp = 0.085so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

5 A) showed a marginally significant main effect between trials (F = 3.18, p = 0.085, partial η 2 = 0.102, medium effect), as did the HF index (F = 3.211, p = 0.084, partial η 2 = 0.103, medium effect) and the DFA α1 index (F = 4.163, p = 0.051, partial η 2 = 0.129, large effect).

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a trend toward significancep = 0.085so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Results HRV analysis revealed a trend toward significance for the main effect of trial for LF (F = 3.18, p = 0.085, partial η2=0.102) and HF (F = 3.211, p = 0.084, partial η2=0.102).

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

69.15 ± 18.54 n.u., p = 0.175, Cohen’s d = 0.49), although there was an increasing trend in the LF index of the IPC.

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