Leveling up immunization: a systematic review of gamification interventions to improve Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake.

BMC Public Health · 2026 · PMC12998143 · PMID 41673627

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a positive trendno p-value reported

This suggests that, although the intervention demonstrated a positive trend in enhancing vaccine initiation and intention, the effect on actual vaccine consent and completion remains less conclusive.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.