Barely Significant
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Change in healthcare costs in Europe 2018-2023 (data report).

Front Public Health · 2026 · PMC13006689 · PMID 41878103

Europe PMCDOI
2
hedged sentences
0.0010
closest p · 0.0× alpha
0.0540
boldest claim

The sentences

highly significantp < 0.001actually significant
For the pre-pandemic baseline (2019), the variance between regions was highly significant [ F (2, 28) = 14.31, p < 0.001].

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marginally significantp = 0.054so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)
In contrast, Southern European systems showed a smaller, marginally significant negative baseline effect (β = −3.43, p = 0.054). 3.4.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.