Comparative efficacy of probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic interventions in children with functional abdominal pain disorders: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Front Nutr · 2026 · PMC13008698 · PMID 41883407

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

Frequency of pain For frequency of pain, all interventions exhibited a decreasing trend compared with placebo ( Figure 9 ).

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a favorable trendno p-value reported

reuteri DSM 17938, VSL#3, and synbiotic formulations—showed a favorable trend toward improvement, the 95% credible intervals of all comparisons crossed the null line.

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